Sexual pain is pain that occurs immediately before, during or after intercourse. Also known as dyspareunia, sexual pain may be felt in the pelvic area or genitals.

Sexual pain is more common in women but also affects men. Causes of sexual pain in women include inadequate lubrication, menopause, vaginal infection, muscle spasm and genital irritation. Causes of sexual pain in men include prostate disorders, urethritis (inflammation of the urethra), spinal cord disorders, trauma and sickle cell anemia. Pain related to intercourse may also result from mental health issues, including anxiety, guilt, hostility, aversion to sexuality and unresolved issues with past sexual abuse.

To determine the cause of sexual pain, a physician will take the patient's medical history and perform a physical examination. Depending on these results, the physician may order additional tests such as cultures or imaging tests (e.g., ultrasound, CAT scan, MRI).

It is important for the physician to determine the cause of a patient’s sexual pain because relief options are often based on the cause. Relief options may include lubricants, antibiotics, pain relievers, counseling and psychotherapy.

People can reduce their risk of developing sexual pain by using lubricant and practicing safe sex. Those experiencing sexual pain are encouraged to contact their physician. This is especially important when the pain is accompanied by bleeding, genital lesions, irregular periods, discharge from penis or vagina or involuntary vaginal contractions.