Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) can be described as any problem that regularly interferes with a woman’s ability to achieve sexual gratification. To be considered a dysfunction, the symptoms must be persistent, pervasive and cause the woman distress. This broad definition can include difficulties with desire, arousal, orgasm or resolution. An estimated 43 percent of U.S. women experience some form of sexual dysfunction, according to the American Medical Association.

Sexual dysfunction can start early in a woman’s life, or may develop later in someone who previously enjoyed sex without difficulty. The causes of sexual dysfunction can be physical, psychological or a combination of the two. FSD consists of four main categories, and many women can experience problems in more than one category at a time. These are:

• Sexual desire disorders
• Sexual arousal disorders
• Orgasm disorders
• Sexual pain disorders

Women entering midlife may experience sexual dysfunction often attributed to changes brought on by menopause. Other reasons for female sexual dysfunction can include chronic conditions, such as severe endometriosis, or serious illness, such as gynecologic cancer that physically alters a woman’s body and often her body image as well.

Although it may be difficult to speak with a physician about intimate relationships, it is best to be candid. Healthy sexual function is an important part of a woman’s life. Women should be aware that FSD often can be treated successfully.

Not all sexual problems are dysfunctions. For instance, inadequate stimulation or having an impatient partner is not considered sexual dysfunction. Once the underlying reason is discovered, many cases of sexual dysfunction can be treated. A physician will most likely diagnose sexual dysfunction based on the patient’s symptoms. In addition, the patient’s medical history, sexual history and a physical examination can help to determine the cause.